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Indian Railways’ Automated Train Protection System (IR-ATP) also known as Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) also called KAVACH (AE09) is a fail-safe, reliable, and easy-to-use 2 x 2oo2 architecture-based system.

Universal Multiplexer

The multiplexer uses E1 (telecom standard) framing for multiplexing various inputs to one 2.048MHz bit stream. The E1 frame is made up of thirty two 64kbps slots. The slots are numbered from 0 to 31. Two slots numbered 0 and 16 are reserved for signaling and synchronization of the bit stream. Hence, this equipment also leaves those two slots un-occupied. Remaining 30 slots can be utilized to transport any data transparently from one end to the other. The multiplexed bit stream is exchanged between two ends of the system on one single mode fiber using WDM technique.

Based on the user requirements the system is configured as follows

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